Multiple Intelligences, Theory of

The theory of multiple intelligences is a multidimensional view on intelligence and focuses on multiple abilities and domains, rather than a single mode or type of intelligence. Psychologist Howard Gardner first put this theory forth in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Because the definition of intelligence is abstract and open to many different interpretations, Gardner made a list of eight criteria that a behavior had to meet in order to be considered an intelligence. Additionally, he chose eight areas of intelligence that met his criteria and that he considered the most important pieces of intellect. This entry discusses the criteria, the eight modes of intelligence, the limitations of Gardner’s theory, and critiques of the theory.