Covert Observation

Observations in Public Spaces

Public spaces, such as a mall or student union, provide a natural setting for observation. Mediated (online settings) public spaces are also considered “public” and include any website content that does not require “logging in.” Public settings allow anyone to sit and watch, or take notes, without raising the question of why this stranger is in the area. As a result, observations in public spaces are seen as the least controversial, and often do not require IRB approval. Public spaces provide cover for anyone to observe, thus protecting the work begin done. Additionally, such settings also provide protection of those being observed. Given the open and natural setting public spaces create, only minimal harm could come from individuals discovering that they were being observed by a covert researcher.

Observations in Quasi-Private Spaces

Some settings, while open to the public, still require increased planning before beginning a covert observation. Such settings include waiting rooms, private property, as well as online settings that require “logging in” such as Facebook, Twitter, or a private message board. Although social media settings do not necessarily require a “membership,” having an account is required for the observation. Being a member of a preexisting group and choosing to observe said group would be considered utilizing quasi-private space. Conducting observations in quasi-private settings requires careful consideration and planning to ensure that one is not abusing the trust that is afforded to members. Observations in such spaces also require the researcher to be mindful of not pretending to be something he or she is not. While minimal harm would still be anticipated, careful considerations of who would benefit from observing the group are required.

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