Cooperative Learning

Cooperative Learning Versus Individual Learning

[Page 405]Cooperative learning can be understood as contrasting with individual learning teaching approaches. The key difference between cooperative learning and individual approaches to learning focuses on how the learners’ learning goals are structured. Learner learning goals specify that how learners are expected to interact with each other and with the instructor. Learners in a cooperative learning environment are able to capitalize on each other’s resources and skills by sharing information, evaluating ideas, monitoring work, and checking answers for group members. In cooperative learning, the instructor’s role changes from giving information to learners to help them learn to that of a learning facilitator.

In cooperative learning, learners are encouraged and expected to focus on outcomes that are not only beneficial to themselves but also to the other members of the group. In individual learning learners work against each other and toward attainment of an academic goal such as receiving an “A” in the course. Additionally, in individual learning, learners work individually by themselves to accomplish the set learning goals, whereas in cooperative learning, learners work together to improve their chances of success and the success of their teammates.

Elements of Successful Incorporation of Cooperative Learning

Five essential elements have been identified for the successful incorporation of cooperative learning in the classroom: positive interdependence; individual and group accountability; promotive interaction; interpersonal and small group skills; and group processing.