Strengths-Based Approach

Strengths-based theory and practice incorporate a multidisciplinary approach derived from a range of sources including social change theory, motivation theory and positive psychology. The basic tenet of any strengthsbased approach (theory and practice) is that every individual, every group and every organization has strengths. Identifying these assets and using them as a starting point for research or practice enables researchers to frame their work within a positive paradigm and build upon the available strengths.

The approach was developed as a counterpoint to the more traditional deficit approach wherein professionals, as experts, would observe their subjects and identify their deficits so as to then intervene, address the deficit and solve the problem. This deficit approach, however, could undermine participant confidence and sense of self-esteem and self-efficacy. [Page 733]Conversely, a strengths-based approach can enhance participants' sense of self as they generate strategies and solutions for themselves and their context. The approach emerged from the fields of social work and family and community services, and its application continues to expand, for example, to health and educational contexts.

Strengths-based theory and practice do not expect the researcher to ignore deficits and problems but to adopt a perspective that incorporates a new balance when researching and working with individuals, groups and organizations. Deficiencies are not emphasized. While one can acknowledge that a range of challenges exists, at the same time one can use a strengths-based approach to work through any challenges with the individual, group or organization. Researchers will vary in the degree to which they apply this theory and practice. Contemporary contributors to this field are Wayne McCashen and Dennis Saleebey.

A strong alignment between a strengths-based approach and action research make it an appropriate choice for the action researcher and practitioner. This entry starts with an overview of the alignment between the approach and action research, followed by the strategies available to support this option for research. The alignment and strategies for integration of practice conclude the entry.