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Re-Analysis of Previous Data
When analyzing qualitative case study data researchers have to determine their analytical focus and present their data in a way that facilitates the most persuasive presentation of their argument. In this process they cannot always use all the analytical opportunities provided by the data. However, the whole case, or part of the data, can be re-analyzed for a different purpose and within a conceptual framework that could not have been included in the initial analysis without distracting from its focus. When reframing a whole case, the researcher offers an alternative way to understand the focal issues, one that questions and revises the original analysis. When re-analyzing selected parts of the case the researcher expands the analysis or uses particular data to explore issues not examined in the initial analysis. This re-analysis can be seen as an extension of the ongoing framing and reframing processes that are integral to qualitative data analyses. Thus, there is no expiry date on the data as long as the insights generated by the re-analysis are relevant for thinking about current issues and realities. Multicase design provides unique opportunities for data re-analysis, because the analysis of each case may be revisited on the basis of the analysis of other cases, in particular when more than one researcher is involved in the study. The following section offers two examples demonstrating the re-analysis of selected data from a case study on interorganizational relations.
Application
The Initial Study
Eli Teram studied the commonalities and differences between interorganizational relationships at different hierarchical levels in social service organizations. This issue was explored through a case study of a network of organizations working with children and youth in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in the early 1980s. The analysis of the data focused on the selection of “good” clients by the institutions in this network and the interorganizational structures and processes that facilitated and maintained this selection. During the data collection period the structure of the interorganizational placement committee established by the network changed twice. The researcher organized the analysis in relation to these changes, demonstrating that although the structural alterations affected the negotiation opportunities available to participants, the outcome remained the same: Children's problems and needs were redefined to fit the available resources and to accommodate the institutions' interest in “good” clients. Another aspect of the analysis compared the processes used by two institutions to render the external review of children's placement meaningless, thereby allowing these organizations to retain clients even when their placements were inappropriate. These two themes complemented each other: The first theme explained how the institutions recruited desirable clients, and the second theme clarified how the institutions retained desirable clients. Within a critical framework, the case study considered the powerlessness of youth in trouble as the underlying condition that facilitated these processes.
Re-Analysis of Particular Data
The Emotional Labor of Social Workers
The decision to re-analyze a particular aspect of the data was driven by the realization that the initial analysis of the case was incomplete. Although the initial analysis focused on the actions of organizational actors and the consequences of their actions, it did not consider the emotional aspects of their work. Influenced by Arlie Hochschild's book The Managed Heart, Eli Teram revisited and reassembled part of the data to explain how the social workers in his study managed their emotions regarding their involvement in placing children into inappropriate programs. In the worst cases, the social workers participated in redefining children's needs and problems in a way that channeled them into readily available locked facilities. Workers' participation in processes that clearly contradicted social work values could not have occurred without generating strong emotions; thus, the re-analysis of the data with a focus on the way social workers manage these emotions was relevant to understanding the perpetuation of client selection processes.
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