In addition to hundreds of new references features new to this edition include: a comprehensive introduction to qualitative methods including a review of existing computer applications for collecting and analyzing data; the latest information about the use of computers and online research techniques, including the use of the Internet to locate actual research instruments and journal articles; updated coverage on new scales, internal and external validity, and new analytic techniques with extensive references on each; abstracts, citations and subject groupings by measurement tool of the last five years of the American Sociological Review, Social Psychology Quarterly, and the American Journal of Sociology; extensive coverage of how to prepare manuscripts for publication, including a list of all journals covered by Sociological Abstracts along with the editorial office address and URL for each entry; new coverage of ethical issues; expansion of social indicators to include international coverage; discussion of the importance of policy research with presentation and discussion of specific models as an adjunct to both applied and basic research techniques; and the addition of an index to facilitate the reader's ability to quickly locate a topic.

Factors Jeopardizing Internal and External Validity of Research Designs

Factors Jeopardizing Internal and External Validity of Research Designs

Perhaps the most important publication in the past 50 years relative to understanding research design and planning experiments is that of Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley, excerpted below. Their conceptualization of internal and external validity as critical evaluative constructs and associated threats opened the door to efficient and concise assessment of experimental designs.

Internal validity is the quality of an experimental design such that any outcomes or effects can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable. External validity is the quality of an experimental design such that the ...

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