Essay Items
An essay item requires students to produce a written expression in answer to a question or in response to a prompt. Such an item requires students to (a) recall factual, conceptual, or procedural knowledge; (b) mentally organize this knowledge; and (c) interpret the knowledge and construct it into a logical, integrated response in clear and appropriate language. There are several rules for developing essay items: (a) restrict their use to assess high-level learning outcomes such as creating or evaluating, (b) construct them to measure the skills necessary to achieve the learning outcomes, (c) clearly phrase a question, and (d) indicate response page and time limits if possible.
Essay items differ from selected-response (multiple choice or true/false) items in three ways: (1) More complex learning outcomes, ...
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Reader's Guide
Assessment
Cognitive and Affective Variables
Data Visualization Methods
Disabilities and Disorders
Distributions
Educational Policies
Evaluation Concepts
Evaluation Designs
Human Development
Instrument Development
Organizations and Government Agencies
Professional Issues
Publishing
Qualitative Research
Research Concepts
Research Designs
Research Methods
Research Tools
Social and Ethical Issues
Social Network Analysis
Statistics
Teaching and Learning
Theories and Conceptual Frameworks
Threats to Research Validity
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Research Methods
