Transfer can be defined as the extent to which the knowledge or skills learned in one context affect performance or learning in another context. Within the field of education, the concept of transfer is often referred to as transfer of learning or transfer of knowledge. However, other fields use slightly different terms to describe this concept, such as transfer of training, which is often used in industrial and organizational psychology. Transfer of prior learning to a new context is considered to be positive if it facilitates performance or learning in this other context and negative if it hinders performance or learning. For example, learning a new language might be facilitated if the grammar of a person’s native language is similar to the new language, resulting ...