Proficiency Levels in Language
In language education, language proficiency refers to one’s general language knowledge and skills for using the target language for various communicative purposes. However, researchers disagree about what proficiency entails, with the differences reflecting their theoretical orientations.
For example, generative linguists, influenced by the work of Noam Chomsky, restrict their focus to grammatical knowledge. Dell Hymes, a sociolinguist, expanded the scope to emphasize the social appropriateness of language use. He proposed as a model communicative competence, which includes both knowledge (not only grammatical knowledge but also sociolinguistic knowledge) and the ability for use (one’s potential ability to use the language in socially appropriate ways).
Although Hymes’s proposed model was situated in the first-language (L1) contexts, his notion of communicative competence greatly influenced succeeding models of language proficiency for ...
Looks like you do not have access to this content.
Reader's Guide
Assessment
Cognitive and Affective Variables
Data Visualization Methods
Disabilities and Disorders
Distributions
Educational Policies
Evaluation Concepts
Evaluation Designs
Human Development
Instrument Development
Organizations and Government Agencies
Professional Issues
Publishing
Qualitative Research
Research Concepts
Research Designs
Research Methods
Research Tools
Social and Ethical Issues
Social Network Analysis
Statistics
Teaching and Learning
Theories and Conceptual Frameworks
Threats to Research Validity
- All
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
- Z