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Meta-Analysis
Meta-analysis is an observational method for summarizing research. It provides a context for quantitatively understanding multiple studies on a topic through synthesis of individual effect sizes and variances observed across studies. Utilizing these effect sizes and variances from numerous studies, meta-analysis calculates an overall estimate of effect for a given phenomenon. For instance, meta-analysis can be used to evaluate the efficacy of behavior therapy on phobias, even if studies on this topic vary greatly in their estimation of influence on outcome. In addition, a meta-analysis provides information on the significance of the effect and precision of the estimate. This entry first looks at types of meta-analysis and how researchers prepare for a meta-analysis and calculate meta-analytic estimates. It then discusses the reporting of meta-analytic results ...
- Assessment
- Assessment Issues
- Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
- Accessibility of Assessment
- Accommodations
- African Americans and Testing
- Asian Americans and Testing
- Cheating
- Ethical Issues in Testing
- Gender and Testing
- High-Stakes Tests
- Latinos and Testing
- Minority Issues in Testing
- Second Language Learners, Assessment of
- Test Security
- Testwiseness
- Assessment Methods
- Ability Tests
- Achievement Tests
- Adaptive Behavior Assessments
- Admissions Tests
- Alternate Assessments
- Aptitude Tests
- Attenuation, Correction for
- Attitude Scaling
- Basal Level and Ceiling Level
- Benchmark
- Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook
- Classification
- Cognitive Diagnosis
- Computer-Based Testing
- Computerized Adaptive Testing
- Confidence Interval
- Curriculum-Based Assessment
- Diagnostic Tests
- Difficulty Index
- Discrimination Index
- English Language Proficiency Assessment
- Formative Assessment
- Intelligence Tests
- Interquartile Range
- Minimum Competency Testing
- Mood Board
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- Power Tests
- Progress Monitoring
- Projective Tests
- Psychometrics
- Reading Comprehension Assessments
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- Self-Report Inventories
- Sociometric Assessment
- Speeded Tests
- Standards-Based Assessment
- Summative Assessment
- Technology-Enhanced Items
- Test Battery
- Testing, History of
- Tests
- Value-Added Models
- Written Language Assessment
- Classroom Assessment
- Authentic Assessment
- Backward Design
- Bloom’s Taxonomy
- Classroom Assessment
- Constructed-Response Items
- Curriculum-Based Measurement
- Essay Items
- Fill-in-the-Blank Items
- Formative Assessment
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- Grading
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- Paper-and-Pencil Assessment
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- Second Language Learners, Assessment of
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- True-False Items
- Universal Design of Assessment
- Item Response Theory
- Reliability
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- T Scores
- Z Scores
- Age Equivalent Scores
- Analytic Scoring
- Automated Essay Evaluation
- Criterion-Referenced Interpretation
- Decile
- Grade-Equivalent Scores
- Guttman Scaling
- Holistic Scoring
- Intelligence Quotient
- Interval-Level Measurement
- Ipsative Scales
- Levels of Measurement
- Lexiles
- Likert Scaling
- Multidimensional Scaling
- Nominal-Level Measurement
- Normal Curve Equivalent Score
- Norm-Referenced Interpretation
- Ordinal-Level Measurement
- Percentile Rank
- Primary Trait Scoring
- Propensity Scores
- Quartile
- Rankings
- Rating Scales
- Reverse Scoring
- Scales
- Score Reporting
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- Standardized Scores
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- Standardized Tests
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- Educational Testing Service
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- National Assessment of Educational Progress
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- Validity
- Concurrent Validity
- Consequential Validity Evidence
- Construct Irrelevance
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- Content-Related Validity Evidence
- Criterion-Based Validity Evidence
- Measurement Invariance
- Multicultural Validity
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- Social Desirability
- Specificity
- Test Bias
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- Validity
- Validity Coefficients
- Validity Generalization
- Validity, History of
- Assessment Issues
- Cognitive and Affective Variables
- Data Visualization Methods
- Disabilities and Disorders
- Distributions
- Educational Policies
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- Adequate Yearly Progress
- Americans with Disabilities Act
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- Evaluation Concepts
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- Collaborative Evaluation
- Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approach
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- Culturally Responsive Evaluation
- Democratic Evaluation
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- Empowerment Evaluation
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- External Evaluation
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- Four-Level Evaluation Model
- Goal-Free Evaluation
- Internal Evaluation
- Needs Assessment
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- Personnel Evaluation
- Policy Evaluation
- Process Evaluation
- Program Evaluation
- Responsive Evaluation
- Success Case Method
- Summative Evaluation
- Utilization-Focused Evaluation
- Human Development
- Instrument Development
- Accreditation
- Alignment
- Angoff Method
- Body of Work Method
- Bookmark Method
- Construct-Related Validity Evidence
- Content Analysis
- Content Standard
- Content Validity Ratio
- Curriculum Mapping
- Cut Scores
- Ebel Method
- Equating
- Instructional Sensitivity
- Item Analysis
- Item Banking
- Item Development
- Learning Maps
- Modified Angoff Method
- Norming
- Proficiency Levels in Language
- Readability
- Score Linking
- Standard Setting
- Table of Specifications
- Vertical Scaling
- Organizations and Government Agencies
- American Educational Research Association
- American Evaluation Association
- American Psychological Association
- Educational Testing Service
- Institute of Education Sciences
- Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standards
- Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation
- National Council on Measurement in Education
- National Science Foundation
- Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers
- Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium
- Teachers’ Associations
- U.S. Department of Education
- World Education Research Association
- Professional Issues
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Guiding Principles for Evaluators
- Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
- Accountability
- Certification
- Classroom Observations
- Compliance
- Confidentiality
- Conflict of Interest
- Data-Driven Decision Making
- Educational Researchers, Training of
- Ethical Issues in Educational Research
- Ethical Issues in Evaluation
- Ethical Issues in Testing
- Evaluation Consultants
- Federally Sponsored Research and Programs
- Framework for Teaching
- Licensure
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- Publishing
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- Transcription
- Trustworthiness
- Research Concepts
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- Aptitude-Treatment Interaction
- Causal Inference
- Data
- Ecological Validity
- External Validity
- File Drawer Problem
- Fraudulent and Misleading Data
- Generalizability
- Hypothesis Testing
- Impartiality
- Interaction
- Internal Validity
- Objectivity
- Order Effects
- Representativeness
- Response Rate
- Scientific Method
- Type III Error
- Research Designs
- ABA Designs
- Action Research
- Case Study Method
- Causal-Comparative Research
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- Crossover Design
- Design-Based Research
- Double-Blind Design
- Experimental Designs
- Gain Scores, Analysis of
- Latin Square Design
- Meta-Analysis
- Mixed Methods Research
- Monte Carlo Simulation Studies
- Nonexperimental Designs
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- Posttest-Only Control Group Design
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- Pretest–Posttest Designs
- Quasi-Experimental Designs
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- Single-Case Research
- Solomon Four-Group Design
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- Time Series Analysis
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- Twin Studies
- Zelen’s Randomized Consent Design
- Research Methods
- Classroom Observations
- Cluster Sampling
- Control Variables
- Convenience Sampling
- Debriefing
- Deception
- Expert Sampling
- Judgment Sampling
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- Quantitative Research Methods
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- Random Assignment
- Random Selection
- Replication
- Simple Random Sampling
- Snowball Sampling
- Stratified Random Sampling
- Survey Methods
- Systematic Sampling
- Weighting
- Research Tools
- Amos
- ATLAS.ti
- BILOG-MG
- Bubble Drawing
- C Programming Languages
- Collage Technique
- Computer Programming in Quantitative Analysis
- Concept Mapping
- EQS
- Excel
- FlexMIRT
- HLM
- HyperResearch
- IRTPRO
- Johari Window
- Kelly Grid
- LISREL
- Mplus
- National Assessment of Educational Progress
- NVivo
- PARSCALE
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- Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
- R
- SAS
- SPSS
- Stata
- Surveys
- Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
- UCINET
- Social and Ethical Issues
- 45 CFR Part 46
- Accessibility of Assessment
- Accommodations
- Accreditation
- African Americans and Testing
- Alignment
- Asian Americans and Testing
- Assent
- Belmont Report
- Cheating
- Confidentiality
- Conflict of Interest
- Corporal Punishment
- Cultural Competence
- Deception in Human Subjects Research
- Declaration of Helsinki
- Dropouts
- Ethical Issues in Educational Research
- Ethical Issues in Evaluation
- Ethical Issues in Testing
- Falsified Data in Large-Scale Surveys
- Flynn Effect
- Fraudulent and Misleading Data
- Gender and Testing
- High-Stakes Tests
- Human Subjects Protections
- Human Subjects Research, Definition of
- Informed Consent
- Institutional Review Boards
- ISO 20252
- Latinos and Testing
- Minority Issues in Testing
- Nuremberg Code
- Second Language Learners, Assessment of
- Service-Learning
- Social Justice
- STEM Education
- Social Network Analysis
- Statistics
- Bayesian Statistics
- Statistical Analyses
- t Tests
- Analysis of Covariance
- Analysis of Variance
- Binomial Test
- Canonical Correlation
- Chi-Square Test
- Cluster Analysis
- Cochran Q Test
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis
- Cramér’s V Coefficient
- Descriptive Statistics
- Discriminant Function Analysis
- Exploratory Factor Analysis
- Fisher Exact Test
- Friedman Test
- Goodness-of-Fit Tests
- Hierarchical Regression
- Inferential Statistics
- Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
- Kruskal-Wallis Test
- Levene’s Homogeneity of Variance Test
- Logistic Regression
- Mann-Whitney Test
- Mantel-Haenszel Test
- McNemar Change Test
- Measures of Central Tendency
- Measures of Variability
- Median Test
- Mixed Model Analysis of Variance
- Multiple Linear Regression
- Multivariate Analysis of Variance
- Part Correlations
- Partial Correlations
- Path Analysis
- Pearson Correlation Coefficient
- Phi Correlation Coefficient
- Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
- Simple Linear Regression
- Spearman Correlation Coefficient
- Standard Error of Measurement
- Stepwise Regression
- Structural Equation Modeling
- Survival Analysis
- Two-Way Analysis of Variance
- Two-Way Chi-Square
- Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
- Statistical Concepts
- p Value
- R2
- Alpha Level
- Autocorrelation
- Bonferroni Procedure
- Bootstrapping
- Categorical Data Analysis
- Central Limit Theorem
- Conditional Independence
- Convergence
- Correlation
- Data Mining
- Dummy Variables
- Effect Size
- Estimation Bias
- Eta Squared
- Gauss-Markov Theorem
- Holm’s Sequential Bonferroni Procedure
- Kurtosis
- Latent Class Analysis
- Local Independence
- Longitudinal Data Analysis
- Matrix Algebra
- Mediation Analysis
- Missing Data Analysis
- Multicollinearity
- Odds Ratio
- Parameter Invariance
- Parameter Mean Squared Error
- Parameter Random Error
- Post Hoc Analysis
- Power
- Power Analysis
- Probit Transformation
- Residuals
- Robust Statistics
- Sample Size
- Significance
- Simpson’s Paradox
- Skewness
- Standard Deviation
- Type I Error
- Type II Error
- Type III Error
- Variance
- Winsorizing
- Statistical Models
- Teaching and Learning
- Active Learning
- Andragogy
- Bilingual Education, Research on
- College Success
- Constructivist Approach
- Cooperative Learning
- Curriculum
- Distance Learning
- Dropouts
- Evidence-Based Interventions
- Framework for Teaching
- Head Start
- Homeschooling
- Instructional Objectives
- Instructional Rounds
- Kindergarten
- Kinesthetic Learning
- Laddering
- Learning Progressions
- Learning Styles
- Learning Theories
- Literacy
- Mastery Learning
- Montessori Schools
- Out-of-School Activities
- Pygmalion Effect
- Quantitative Literacy
- Reading Comprehension
- Scaffolding
- School Leadership
- Self-Directed Learning
- Service-Learning
- Social Learning
- Socio-Emotional Learning
- STEM Education
- Waldorf Schools
- Theories and Conceptual Frameworks
- g Theory of Intelligence
- Ability–Achievement Discrepancy
- Andragogy
- Applied Behavior Analysis
- Attribution Theory
- Behaviorism
- Cattell–Horn–Carroll Theory of Intelligence
- Classical Conditioning
- Classical Test Theory
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Constructivist Approach
- Data-Driven Decision Making
- Debriefing
- Educational Psychology
- Educational Research, History of
- Emotional Intelligence
- Epistemologies, Teacher and Student
- Experimental Phonetics
- Feedback Intervention Theory
- Framework for Teaching
- Generalizability Theory
- Grounded Theory
- Improvement Science Research
- Information Processing Theory
- Instructional Theory
- Item Response Theory
- Learning Progressions
- Learning Styles
- Learning Theories
- Mastery Learning
- Multiple Intelligences, Theory of
- Naturalistic Inquiry
- Operant Conditioning
- Paradigm Shift
- Phenomenology
- Positivism
- Postpositivism
- Pragmatic Paradigm
- Premack Principle
- Punishment
- Reinforcement
- Response to Intervention
- School-Wide Positive Behavior Support
- Scientific Method
- Self-Directed Learning
- Social Cognitive Theory
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- Speech-Language Pathology
- Terman Study of the Gifted
- Transformative Paradigm
- Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
- True Score
- Unitary View of Validity
- Universal Design in Education
- Wicked Problems
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Threats to Research Validity
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