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Open-Ended Question
An open-ended question is a type of question that researchers pose to research participants that allows them to select how they orient to the research topic. Also referred to as nondirective questions, open-ended ...
- Approaches and Methodologies
- A/r/tography
- Action Research
- Advocacy Research
- Aesthetics
- Applied Research
- Appreciative Inquiry
- Artifact Analysis
- Arts-Based Research
- Arts-Informed Research
- Autobiography
- Autoethnography
- Basic Research
- Biography
- Case Study
- Clinical Research
- Collaborative Research
- Community-Based Research
- Comparative Research
- Content Analysis
- Conversation Analysis
- Covert Research
- Critical Action Research
- Critical Arts-Based Inquiry
- Critical Discourse Analysis
- Critical Ethnography
- Critical Hermeneutics
- Critical Research
- Cross-Cultural Research
- Discourse Analysis
- Document Analysis
- Duoethnography
- Ecological Research
- Emergent Design
- Empirical Research
- Empowerment Evaluation
- Ethnodrama
- Ethnography
- Ethnomethodology
- Evaluation Research
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Explanatory Research
- Exploratory Data Analysis
- Feminist Research
- Field Research
- Foucauldian Discourse Analysis
- Genealogical Approach
- Grounded Theory
- Hermeneutics
- Heuristic Inquiry
- Historical Discourse Analysis
- Historical Research
- Historiography
- Indigenous Research
- Institutional Ethnography
- Institutional Research
- Interdisciplinary Research
- Internet in Qualitative Research
- Interpretive Inquiry
- Interpretive Phenomenology
- Interpretive Research
- Market Research
- Meta-Analysis
- Meta-Ethnography
- Meta-Synthesis
- Methodological Holism Versus Individualism
- Methodology
- Methods
- Mixed Methods Research
- Multicultural Research
- Narrative Analysis
- Narrative Genre Analysis
- Narrative Inquiry
- Naturalistic Inquiry
- Observational Research
- Oral History
- Orientational Perspective
- Para-Ethnography
- Participatory Action Research (PAR)
- Performance Ethnography
- Phenomenography
- Phenomenology
- Place/Space in Qualitative Research
- Playbuilding
- Portraiture
- Program Evaluation
- Q Methodology
- Readers Theater
- Social Justice
- Social Network Analysis
- Survey Research
- Systemic Inquiry
- Theatre of the Oppressed
- Transformational Methods
- Unobtrusive Research
- Value-Free Inquiry
- Virtual Ethnography
- Virtual Research
- Visual Ethnography
- Visual Narrative Inquiry
- Arts-Based Research, Ties to
- A/r/tography
- Aesthetics
- Artifact Analysis
- Arts-Based Research
- Arts-Informed Research
- Audience
- Autobiography
- Bricolage and Bricoleur
- Collage
- Connoisseurship
- Critical Arts-Based Inquiry
- Dance in Qualitative Research
- Dramaturgy
- Ethnodrama
- Ethnopoetics
- Fictional Writing
- Film and Video in Qualitative Research
- Literature in Qualitative Research
- Memoirs
- Multimedia in Qualitative Research
- Music in Qualitative Research
- Performance Ethnography
- Photographs in Qualitative Research
- Photonovella and Photovoice
- Place/Space in Qualitative Research
- Playbuilding
- Poetry in Qualitative Research
- Portraiture
- Readers Theater
- Researcher as Artist
- Resonance
- Storytelling
- Theatre of the Oppressed
- Transformational Methods
- Vignettes
- Visual Ethnography
- Visual Narrative Inquiry
- Visual Research
- Associations, Centers, and Institutes
- Computer-Assisted Data Analysis
- Data Analysis
- Abduction
- Analytic Induction
- Artifact Analysis
- ATLAS.ti" (Software)
- Audience Analysis
- Auditing
- Axial Coding
- Bricolage and Bricoleur
- Categories
- Categorization
- Co-Constructed Narrative
- Codes and Coding
- Coding Frame
- Collage
- Comparative Analysis
- Computer-Assisted Data Analysis
- Concept Mapping
- Conceptual Ordering
- Constant Comparison
- Content Analysis
- Context and Contextuality
- Context-Centered Knowledge
- Conversation Analysis
- Core Category
- Counternarrative
- Creative Writing
- Critical Discourse Analysis
- Cultural Context
- Data
- Data Analysis
- Data Management
- Data Saturation
- Deduction
- Descriptive Statistics
- Diction (Software)
- Discourse
- Discourse Analysis
- Discovery
- Discursive Practice
- Diversity Issues
- Document Analysis
- Embodied Knowledge
- Emergent Themes
- Emic/Etic Distinction
- Emotions in Qualitative Research
- Essence
- Ethnograph (Software)
- Ethnographic Content Analysis
- Ethnostatistics
- Evaluation Criteria
- Everyday Life
- Experiential Knowledge
- Explanation
- Exploratory Data Analysis
- Findings
- Foucauldian Discourse Analysis
- Framework (Software)
- Gender Issues
- Grounded Theory
- Heteroglossia
- Historical Context
- Historical Discourse Analysis
- Horizonalization
- HyperRESEARCH (Software)
- Imagination in Qualitative Research
- In Vivo Coding
- Indexicality
- Induction
- Interpretation
- Intertextuality
- Knowledge
- Liminal Perspective
- Literature Review
- Lived Experience
- Marginalization
- MAXqda (Software)
- Meaning
- Membership Categorization Device Analysis (MCDA)
- Memos and Memoing
- Meta-Analysis
- Meta-Narrative
- Metaphor
- Meta-Synthesis
- Narrative Analysis
- Narrative Genre Analysis
- Negative Case Analysis
- Nonverbal Communication
- NVivo (Software)
- Open Coding
- Otherness
- Peer Review
- Perception
- Photonovella and Photovoice
- Power
- Psychological Generalization
- Qualrus (Software)
- Rapid Assessment Process
- Reconstructive Analysis
- Recursivity
- Reflexivity
- Research Diaries and Journals
- Research Literature
- Researcher as Artist
- Researcher as Instrument
- Researcher Sensitivity
- Response Groups
- Rhythmanalysis
- Rigor in Qualitative Research
- Secondary Analysis
- Selective Coding
- Situatedness
- Social Context
- Social Network Analysis
- SuperHyperQual (Software)
- Systematic Sociological Introspection
- Tacit Knowledge
- TextQuest (Software)
- Textual Analysis
- Thematic Coding and Analysis
- Themes
- Theoretical Memoing
- Theoretical Saturation
- Thick Description
- Transana (Software)
- Transcript
- Transcription
- Truth
- Typological Analysis
- Understanding
- Video Intervention/Prevention Assessment
- Vignettes
- Visual Data
- Visual Data Displays
- Writing Process
- Data Collection
- Access
- Active Listening
- Artifacts
- Audiorecording
- Captive Population
- Checklists
- Closed Question
- Cognitive Interview
- Collage
- Convenience Sample
- Convergent Interviewing
- Conversational Interviewing
- Covert Observation
- Creative Writing
- Critical Incident Technique
- Data
- Data Archive
- Data Collection
- Data Generation
- Data Management
- Data Security
- Data Storage
- Debriefing
- Deception
- Dialogue
- Diaries and Journals
- Documents
- Dramaturgy
- Email Interview
- Emotions in Qualitative Research
- Empathy
- Ethnopoetics
- Fictional Writing
- Field Data
- Fieldnotes
- Fieldwork
- Film and Video in Qualitative Research
- Focus Groups
- Free Association Narrative Interview
- Funding
- Hypothesis
- In-Depth Interview
- In-Person Interview
- Interactive Focus Groups
- Interactive Interview
- Internet in Qualitative Research
- Interview Guide
- Interviewing
- Leaving the Field
- Life Stories
- Literature in Qualitative Research
- Literature Review
- Lived Experience
- Memoirs
- Memos and Memoing
- Multimedia in Qualitative Research
- Narrative Interview
- Narrative Texts
- Natural Setting
- Naturalistic Data
- Naturalistic Observation
- Negotiating Exit
- Neutral Question
- Neutrality in Qualitative Research
- Nonparticipant Observation
- Nonprobability Sampling
- Nonverbal Communication
- Observation Schedule
- Open-Ended Question
- Participant Observation
- Peer Debriefing
- Perception
- Photographs in Qualitative Research
- Pilot Study
- Poetry in Qualitative Research
- Population
- Probes and Probing
- Projective Techniques
- Prolonged Engagement
- Psychoanalytically Informed Observation
- Purposive Sampling
- Quota Sampling
- Random Sampling
- Rapport
- Raw Data
- Recruiting Participants
- Research Diaries and Journals
- Research Literature
- Research Problem
- Research Question
- Research Setting
- Research Team
- Researcher as Instrument
- Researcher Roles
- Researcher Safety
- Researcher Sensitivity
- Rich Data
- Rigor in Qualitative Research
- Risk
- Sample
- Sample Size
- Sampling
- Sampling Frame
- Secondary Data
- Semi-Structured Interview
- Sensitizing Concepts
- Serendipity
- Snowball Sampling
- Stratified Sampling
- Structured Interview
- Structured Observation
- Subjectivity Statement
- Telephone Interview
- Text
- Theoretical Sampling
- Triangulation
- Unstructured Interview
- Unstructured Observation
- Videorecording
- Vignettes
- Virtual Interview
- Dissemination and Writing
- Ethnography (Journal)
- Field Methods (Journal)
- Forum: Qualitative Social Research (Journal)
- International Journal of Qualitative Methods
- Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
- Journal of Mixed Methods Research
- Narrative Inquiry (Journal)
- Oral History Review (Journal)
- Qualitative Health Research (Journal)
- Qualitative Inquiry (Journal)
- Qualitative Report, The (Journal)
- Qualitative Research (Journal)
- Advances in Qualitative Methods Conference
- Creative Writing
- Ethnographic and Qualitative Research Conference
- Fictional Writing
- Film and Video in Qualitative Research
- Findings
- First-Person Voice
- Interdisciplinary Qualitative Studies Conference
- International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry
- International Human Science Research Conference
- Internet in Qualitative Research
- Literature in Qualitative Research
- Literature Review
- Memoirs
- Multimedia in Qualitative Research
- Peer Review
- Poetry in Qualitative Research
- Portraiture
- Publishing and Publication
- Qualitative Health Research Conference
- QualPage
- Representational Forms of Dissemination
- Research Literature
- Research Proposal
- Rhetoric
- Storytelling
- Subjectivity Statement
- Vignettes
- Voice
- Writing Process
- History of Qualitative Research
- Participants
- Access
- Agency
- Audience
- Captive Population
- Confidentiality
- Conflict of Interest
- Debriefing
- Deception
- Disengagement
- Disinterestedness
- Diversity Issues
- Emotions in Qualitative Research
- Empathy
- Empowerment
- Ethics
- First-Person Voice
- Harm
- Identity
- Informant
- Informed Consent
- Insider/Outsider Status
- Intersubjectivity
- Key Informant
- Leaving the Field
- Lived Experience
- Marginalization
- Marginalized Populations
- Member Check
- Negotiating Exit
- Otherness
- Over-Rapport
- Participant
- Participant Observation
- Participants as Co-Researchers
- Participatory Action Research (PAR)
- Population
- Privacy
- Pseudonym
- Rapport
- Reciprocity
- Researcher–Participant Relationships
- Respondent
- Secondary Participants
- Trust
- Virtual Community
- Voice
- Vulnerability
- Quantitative Research, Ties to
- Research Design and Planning
- Access
- Data Analysis
- Data Archive
- Data Collection
- Data Generation
- Data Management
- Data Security
- Data Storage
- Ethics Review Process
- Funding
- Literature Review
- Methodology
- Methods
- Mixed Methods Research
- Participants as Co-Researchers
- Pilot Study
- Politics of Qualitative Research
- Project Management
- Publishing and Publication
- Qualitative Research Summer Intensive
- Quantitative Research
- Recruiting Participants
- Research Design
- Research Justification
- Research Literature
- Research Problem
- Research Proposal
- Research Question
- Research Setting
- Research Team
- Researcher as Artist
- Researcher as Instrument
- Researcher Roles
- Researcher Safety
- Researcher Sensitivity
- Researcher–Participant Relationships
- Rigor in Qualitative Research
- Sampling
- Secondary Analysis
- Secondary Data
- Theoretical Frameworks
- Theory
- Thinking Qualitatively Workshop Conference
- Triangulation
- Writing Process
- Research Ethics
- Access
- Accountability
- Anonymity
- Auditing
- Authenticity
- Benefit
- Bias
- Captive Population
- Confidentiality
- Conflict of Interest
- Data Security
- Debriefing
- Deception
- Ethics
- Ethics and New Media
- Ethics Codes
- Ethics Review Process
- Harm
- Informant
- Informed Consent
- Institutional Review Boards
- Integrity in Qualitative Research
- Key Informant
- Leaving the Field
- Negotiating Exit
- Over-Rapport
- Participant
- Participants as Co-Researchers
- Peer Debriefing
- Power
- Privacy
- Pseudonym
- Reciprocity
- Recruiting Participants
- Relational Ethics
- Researcher–Participant Relationships
- Respondent
- Risk
- Secondary Participants
- Sensitive Topics
- Trust
- Unobtrusive Research
- Vulnerability
- Rigor
- Audit Trail
- Authority
- Bias
- Bracketing
- Confirmability
- Constant Comparison
- Credibility
- Dependability
- Disengagement
- Disinterestedness
- Evidence
- Generalizability
- Inter- and Intracoder Reliability
- Member Check
- Negative Case Analysis
- Neutrality in Qualitative Research
- Objectivity
- Observer Bias
- Over-Rapport
- Peer Review
- Reactivity
- Reliability
- Replication
- Resonance
- Rigor in Qualitative Research
- Subjectivity
- Transferability
- Translatability
- Transparency
- Triangulation
- Trustworthiness
- Validity
- Value-Free Inquiry
- Verification
- Textual Analysis, Ties to
- Artifact Analysis
- Artifacts
- Autobiography
- Biography
- Content Analysis
- Conversation Analysis
- Creative Writing
- Critical Discourse Analysis
- Diaries and Journals
- Discourse
- Discourse Analysis
- Discursive Practice
- Discursive Psychology
- Document Analysis
- Documents
- Film and Video in Qualitative Research
- Historical Discourse Analysis
- Historical Research
- Historiography
- Internet in Qualitative Research
- Intertextuality
- Literature in Qualitative Research
- Multimedia in Qualitative Research
- Narrative Analysis
- Narrative Inquiry
- Narrative Interview
- Narrative Texts
- Poetry in Qualitative Research
- Rhetoric
- Text
- Textual Analysis
- Theoretical and Philosophical Frameworks
- Axiology
- Chaos and Complexity Theories
- Constructivism
- Critical Humanism
- Critical Pragmatism
- Critical Race Theory
- Critical Realism
- Critical Theory
- Deconstruction
- Discursive Psychology
- Empiricism
- Epistemology
- Essentialism
- Existentialism
- Feminist Epistemology
- Grand Narrative
- Grand Theory
- Hegemony
- Idealism
- Ideology
- Knowledge
- Nonessentialism
- Objectivism
- Ontology
- Paradigm
- Pluralism
- Positivism
- Postcolonialism
- Postmodernism
- Postpositivism
- Postrepresentation
- Poststructuralism
- Pragmatism
- Praxis
- Queer Theory
- Realism
- Reality and Multiple Realities
- Relativism
- Representation
- Semiotics
- Social Constructionism
- Structuralism
- Subjectivism
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Theoretical Frameworks
- Theory
- Truth
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