SAGE Research Methods - Encyclopedia of Epidemiology

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Causation and Causal Inference

By: Sander Greenland
In: Encyclopedia of Epidemiology
Edited by: Sarah Boslaugh

In the health sciences, definitions of cause and effect have not been tightly bound with methods for studying causation. Indeed, many approaches to causal inference provide no definition, leaving users to imagine causality however they prefer. Without a formal definition of ...

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  Greenland, S. (2008). Causation and causal inference. In S. Boslaugh (Ed.), Encyclopedia of epidemiology (pp. 157-162). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412953948.n63
  
  Greenland, Sander. "Causation and Causal Inference." In Encyclopedia of Epidemiology, edited by Boslaugh, Sarah, 157-62. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412953948.n63.
  
  Greenland, S. 2008. Causation and Causal Inference. In: Sarah Boslaugh Editor, 2008. Encyclopedia of Epidemiology, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 157-162 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412953948.n63> [Accessed 3 Jul 2022].
  
  Greenland, Sander. "Causation and Causal Inference." Encyclopedia of Epidemiology. Edited by Sarah Boslaugh. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008, pp. 157-62. SAGE Research Methods. 3 Jul 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412953948.n63.
  
  Greenland, Sander (2008). Causation and causal inference In: Boslaugh, Sarah (Ed.),Causation and causal inference Encyclopedia of epidemiology Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2008:157-162. doi:10.4135/9781412953948.n63
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