Extreme Response Style
Extreme response style (ERS) is the tendency for survey respondents to answer categorical rating scales in the extreme, end-most intervals, across a wide range of item content. ERS can particularly affect surveys that use Likert and semantic differential scales. ERS is a source of survey error that distorts people's true attitudes and opinions. People with relatively higher ERS will tend to have relatively high or low scores, since they tend to mark extreme intervals, while those with low ERS will tend to have more moderate scores. Thus, apparent differences in survey data and observed scores between people or groups can be an artifact caused by differences in their ERS rather than by differences in their true attitudes and opinions. ERS can also distort the relationship ...
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Reader's Guide
Ethical Issues In Survey Research
Measurement - Interviewer
Measurement - Mode
Measurement - Questionnaire
Measurement - Respondent
Measurement - Miscellaneous
Nonresponse - Item-Level
Nonresponse - Outcome Codes And Rates
Nonresponse - Unit-Level
Operations - General
Operations - In-Person Surveys
Operations - Interviewer-Administered Surveys
Operations - Mall Surveys
Operations - Telephone Surveys
Political And Election Polling
Public Opinion
Sampling, Coverage, And Weighting
Survey Industry
Survey Statistics
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