Change Scores
The measurement of change is fundamental in the social and behavioral sciences. Many researchers have used change scores to measure gain in ability or shift in attitude over time, or difference scores between two variables to measure a construct (e.g., self-concept vs. ideal self). This entry introduces estimation of change scores, its assumptions and applications, and at the end offers a recommendation on the use of change scores.
Let Y and X stand for the measures obtained by applying the same test to the subjects on two occasions. Observed change or difference score is D = Y–X. The true change is DT = YT–XT, where YT and XT represent the subject's true status at these times. The development of measuring the true change DT follows ...
Looks like you do not have access to this content.
Reader's Guide
Descriptive Statistics
Distributions
Graphical Displays of Data
Hypothesis Testing
Important Publications
Inferential Statistics
Item Response Theory
Mathematical Concepts
Measurement Concepts
Organizations
Publishing
Qualitative Research
Reliability of Scores
Research Design Concepts
Research Designs
Research Ethics
Research Process
Research Validity Issues
Sampling
Scaling
Software Applications
Statistical Assumptions
Statistical Concepts
Statistical Procedures
Statistical Tests
Theories, Laws, and Principles
Types of Variables
Validity of Scores
- All
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
- Z